Armor plate refers to rigid panels, often ceramic, steel, or polyethylene, inserted into a tactical vest or carrier to provide ballistic protection against bullets and shrapnel, ranging from pistol to high-velocity rifle threats, with levels of protection (like NIJ III/IV) and material choice depending on the threat, though it historically also describes historical full suits of metal protection for soldiers and horses. Modern plates are sized for vital organs and come in different cuts (SAPI, Swimmer) and curves (single, multi-curve) for comfort and coverage, with multi-curve being preferred for better fit.

Types of Modern Armor Plates

Hard Armor: Ceramic (often with a backing) or steel alloy, offering rifle protection.
Soft Armor: Flexible panels, typically for handgun threats, sometimes used with hard plates.

Key Features & Materials

Materials: Steel, Ceramic, Ultra-High-Molecular-Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE).

Cuts: SAPI (Small Arms Protective Insert), ESAPI, Swimmer, Shooter, for better movement.
Curves: Single-curve (less comfortable) vs. Multi-curve (better fit and comfort).

How Armor Plate Work

Plate Carriers: Worn in vests (plate carriers) to hold the plates in front of vital organs.
Protection: Stops projectiles by shattering or deforming the bullet, dispersing its energy.

Choosing Them

Threat Level: Choose a plate (e.g., Level IV for rifle) based on the threats you expect.
Fit: Ensure it covers vital organs (nipple-to-nipple width, down to a few inches above the belly button) without restricting movement.